Electrical Engineer

  Clamper circuits Clamper definition A clamper is an electronic circuit that changes the DC level of a signal to the desired level without changing the shape of the applied signal. In other words, the clamper circuit moves the whole signal up or down to set either the positive peak or negative peak of the signal at the desired level. The dc component is simply added to the input signal or subtracted from the input signal. A clamper circuit adds the positive dc component to the input signal to push it to the positive side. Similarly, a clamper circuit adds the negative dc component to the input signal to push it to the negative side. If the circuit pushes the signal upwards then the circuit is said to be a positive clamper. When the signal is pushed upwards, the negative peak of the signal meets the zero level. On the other hand, if the circuit pushes the signal downwards then the circuit is said to be a negative clamper. When the signal is pushed downwards, the positive peak of th...

 Diode Current Equation The diode current equation expresses the relationship between the current flowing through the diode as a function of the voltage applied across it. Mathematically the diode current equation can be expressed as: Where, I is the current flowing through the diode I 0  is the dark saturation current, q is the charge on the electron, V is the voltage applied across the diode, η is the (exponential) ideality factor. is the Boltzmann constant T is the absolute temperature in Kelvin. This equation primarily focuses on two critical parameters. Two important diode parameters are I₀ and η. 🔹 Dark Saturation Current (I₀) Poor material quality → high I₀. I₀ tells how much unwanted leakage current flows in a diode. 🔹 Ideality Factor (η) 🔹 Forward Bias Condition I₀ is the small leakage current that flows in a diode even when no light is present and the diode is reverse biased. It shows how much charge recombination happens inside the diode. More reco...

Electrical Bus-Bar and its Types Definition : An electrical bus bar is defined as a conductor or a group of conductor used for collecting electric power from the incoming feeders and distributes them to the outgoing feeders. In other words, it is a type of electrical junction in which all the incoming and outgoing electrical current meets. Thus, the electrical bus bar collects the electric power at one location. The bus bar system consists the isolator and the circuit breaker. On the occurrence of a fault, the circuit breaker is tripped off and the faulty section of the busbar is easily disconnected from the circuit. The electrical bus bar is available in rectangular, cross-sectional, round and many other shapes. The rectangular bus bar is mostly used in the power system. The copper and aluminium are used for the manufacturing of the electrical bus bar. The most common of the bus-bars are 40×4mm (160 mm 2 ); 40×5 mm (200 mm 2 ) ; 50×6 mm (300mm 2 ) ; 60×8 mm (480 mm 2 ) ; 80×8 (640 mm ...